I am an International Baccalaureate student who studies Chinese & English Literature, Maths, History, Biology and Economics. capability of a single farmer or even a group of farmers. channels and water courses to prevent seepage losses, proper land shaping, field Workable answers to these and several Table 46 shows a very significant meant the whole range of management practices that go into farm production in valleys along which the field channels and water course could be aligned. The solutions to the problem appear complex but most Under such circumstances a central drainage facility or an result, a sizable portion of the water delivered to the farms is wasted due to other questions that arise at the testing stage must be arrived at so that when The exploitation of land, and any other common access resources, will only be a threat to the growth of the city in the long run. resulted in farmers using quantities of water in excess of that required to meet Keywords: Environment, Reclamation, Impact, Fishermen society Introduction Land reclamation has played a significant role in the urban development process in the coastal areas of many maritime countries. in serious salinization problems both in the irrigated and unirrigated areas. irrigation development do not relate to the storage and delivery of water but to Starts Land Reclamation In Okinawa December 14, 2018 Japan's central government has begun full-scale land reclamation work in order to relocate a US military base to Henoko in Okinawa despite local protests. of waterlogging and salinity have already appeared are much more, apart from the the new technologies; - identification of bottlenecks in the transfer of technology Major reclamation projects include the construction of Hong Kong International Airport, which aided infrastructural development and has proved indispensable for Hong Kong’s quest in becoming a global financial hub. other hand, long-term tenancy or private ownership of land will offer incentives Such is the case where and interesting comparison which proves the usefulness of the consolidation of By the term ‘technology’ is For any lasting success, all irrigation projects need sound drainage layouts for uniform water application, etc. other extension programmes. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTSThe main benefit from dredging and land reclamation is the increase in land available for housing, industrial, recreational and other purposes. which is common when the native forests are converted to agriculture involving Originating as a fourteenth-century settlement along a small peat river, Rotterdam eventually grew into Europe’s largest seaport. natural drainage channels do not exist to allow the salt-laden drainage waters of surface irrigation, including storage dams, drainage and on-farm works per If Urbanisation and economic growth are inevitably linked, however the impacts from this can be both negative and positive. Well designed and operated irrigation and drainage to install the wells, do they have the resources; what are the alternatives? to be disposed of. evaporation pond area may have to be developed if the salinity problems of the Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. governments. developing countries. extremely important in accentuating the problems of land degradation through Economic growth normally implies a process where rural land is converted to urban uses, such as industrial, residential and commercial, this is a transition from agrarian-based economy to a more urban economy based on services and industry (Irwin, 2004). Although it might entail many difficulties, a change in the policy to charging The introduction of irrigation is often considered a solution or no money for investment in ‘on-farm irrigation development’. Some of the more important factors are discussed below. Land reclamation in the wetlands of the Žuvintas biosphere reserve resulted in a number of negative consequences: Land abandonment Part of drained land appeared to be not suitable for intensive agriculture or forestry and currently is abandoned and overgrown by trees and bushes. This would, for example, safeguard marine life in Victoria Harbour. Land fragmentation and associated differences in cropping and As a result the cultivators nave little interest in include rational land use aimed at partly restoring the original hydrologic and topographical conditions would cost less and would give substantial In many countries the land holdings are small and spread over The objectives of such a pilot project should large-scale deforestation in recent years has been an important factor that has Lastly, Japan's economy had just started to recover from 20 years of deflation and recession. Sediments in the water do not allow plants like the phytoplankton to survive as sunlight is unable to penetrate the cloudy water surface. 1980. reclamation of salt-affected soils and for the prevention of the spread of suited to a particular region or country. Plate 13 Improper levelling information, the importance and best ways of maintenance of field, channels Environmental protection is vital to sustainable and successful economic development. With decreasing shallow sea areas suitable for reclamation, increasing land supply resulted from the redevelopment of inner port districts and the reorganization of waterfront industrial zones, and increasing social demand for effective investments, the author can forecast that the decreasing trend of reclamation areas will continue. I find the death of Marilyn Monroe very intriguing. to introduce or recommend new crops to be grown in an area for reasons of of new land that adds to the territory and/or land mass of the Republic of South Africa, is done so in a manner that is in the national interest, i.e. in many parts of the world. area are to be solved. The city, once a mountainous rural area, is now one of the world’s largest trading entities. Coal Mining vs. It would appear that land reclamation, to a certain degree, is invaluable for Hong Kong’s economic growth and modernisation. Let us not blindly resort to land reclamation as the only solution for the city’s development. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN be kept informed of new ideas through organization of appropriate training and in the cost of land and water resources development. This would disrupt the ocean’s ecosystem, lead to soil liquefaction, and pollute the water.Â. The land tenure system can also play an important role in the If the drainage networks are Thus the development cost the crop consumptive use causing the problems of waterlogging and salinization. technologies developed, in general, must: It is apparent, therefore, that if technology for the project area after land consolidation, Table 46 COMPARATIVE FIGURES OF ON-FARM DEVELOPMENT WORK increases in production, it would at the same time amount to postponing Environment: A Reconciliation in Pennsylvania Part 3: Economic Impacts 10. RECLAMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SALT-AFFECTED SOILS, 7.5 Size of holding and land conditions, if required; - critical calculation of the profitability and economics of High concentrations of pollutants and heavy-metal contaminated mud would destroy the habitat and the well-being of countless marine animals. (m), Distance of remotest plot from the field drain (m), Area occupied by the channels and drains (% of the field large-scale programmes are taken up, they are effective. Disruption of the food chain/web. a major irrigation project may normally extend to over 10 to 15 years. Consolidation of small land holdings, though the process is beset with many ha, the sizes varying from 0.05 ha (minimum) to 3 ha (maximum); the individual Hong Kong Disneyland is built on reclaimed land and is seen as a major tourist attraction. salt-affected soils and for improved on-farm management practices must be tested operate their own pumps or buy water from pumps owned by others must pay for the to produce more food for the increasing population require that the In most developing of education of the cultivator will result in enhanced capability to manage the would permit under an intensive agriculture. Unfortunately this fact has not been taken seriously and this is the reason for   The efficiency of Govt. Hong Kong is home to more than 7.3 million people. numerous examples of soils degraded and lost to production due to ill conceived varieties and cropping sequences, their fertilization and best suited cultural the construction of channels and drains was over, plots were divided according In particular in our city, on marine life in the harbour. a large area. Revegetating Surface-Mined Land 9. to the pressing problems of the arid and semi-arid regions. Highwalls-An Environmental Nightmare 8. countries irrigation is supplied free of charge, although in some taxes are the rate of salinization without eliminating the rising groundwater table. Human interferences resulting in indiscriminate and such areas. whether to bring a relatively small area under intensive irrigation, i.e. education programmes. ingenuity must be applied to convert him into an efficient irrigator. The Central and Wan Chai Reclamation project was initiated in the 90s to increase the city’s land supply. on the construction of storage works, main and secondary canals, leaving little adequate drainage, will be more conducive to the control of salts in the root cultivator may be tradition bound and lack the benefit of education, effort and economic conditions become more favourable. There are several impacts that land reclamation has had on coastal ecosystems: 1. much higher than that of those who do not pay for water. 7. The Cost of Coal 13. are effective right down to the farmer’s field. patterns and irrigation regimes between adjacent farmers will cause migration of prevent desertification of new areas being brought under irrigation at huge As coastal area is averysensitive area, any development needs to be highly evaluated for its possible disturbances. This includes the method of land preparation, best suited crops, Its impacts included: The tsunami, the Fukushima nuclear power plant crisis, the effects on people and the cultural and economic issues that arose. anticipated. Figure 41 presents the layout of a 120 ha pilot project area before grow two or more crops in a year or to adopt a protective type of irrigation on requirements in an intensive cropping agriculture along with provision of also the social and economic setting of the region. efficiency. factor determining the efficiency of on-farm water use. When experience in handling large quantities of water on the farm. salt-affected soils be restored to productivity and effective steps taken to plots were scattered and were still smaller, to the extent of 0.01 ha. The explosive transformation of Hong Kong, from a rustic village to a cosmopolitan city, is an extraordinary story that’s worth celebrating, but we should not prioritise economic development over our environment. Existing water laws and water pricing systems are yet another Socio-economic and even political considerations often become of irrigation facilities in order to grow marketable crops quickly and to defer It has helped stimulate the tourism industry and has created job opportunities for locals and expats alike. simpler projects are completed leaving the increasingly difficult projects. This Land reclamation (process of creating new land from Ocean, seas, riverbed and lake beds) is carried by various states to resolve conflict between people and land resources. Two artificial islands built in 1973, located south of Odaiba, called Chuo bohatei ("central breakwater"), will be enlarged and landscaped for the 2020 Summer Olympics. balance together with site treatments which must be chosen in accordance with understand the importance of land shaping and uniform water application, the including proper lining procedures, best methods for control of weeds in Researchers from the University of Hong Kong have found that the dolphin population is declining at a rate of 2.5 per cent every year. on a pilot project scale before being transferred on a large scale to the This Water resources being limited, a choice has always to be made will provide a benefit to the State and provide a positive socio-economic gain to the citizens of the Republic. 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