It is used for thatching the roofs of traditional homes throughout south-east Asia. The tensile, burst and tear were identified as 9.93 Nm/g, 0.98 kPa.m 2 /g and 2.57 mN.m 2 /g respectively for handsheet product at optimum conditions. Increase in temperature with low concentration of H2O2 and HCl is found to improve the Milox pulping process. Arsenal/Chopper) (be aware of soil activity), or a tank mix of the two herbicides. The long leaves feature a sharp terminal point and are embedded with silica crystals. It is a serious pest throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and is ranked as … The selected grass species had well developed fibrous sheath around the vascular bundles. Young infestations are usually easier to control than older well-established infestations. 95.4 kB Concealed Weapon License Renewal - Florida Resident, Concealed Weapon License Renewal - Non Florida Resident, Commercial Telephone Sales Person Registration, Do Not Call - Purchase List (Businesses Only). [ In conclusion, the results obtained was indicated that the delignification process via bacteria combination from R. ferrugineus is a viable alternative pulping process for pulp and paper-based industry. For about four weeks following a prescribed burn, crude protein of regrowth is comparable to bahiagrass. [ Final brightness and viscosity values showed that by using a Q(1)(PO) Q(2)P sequence, bast, core and all blend fibres can be bleached to high brightness while retaining sufficient viscosity. See list of regulations and ordinances. It can be found at east and Southeast Asia, Micronesia, Malaysia, Australia, India, Melanesia and southern and eastern Africa. The seed head is … Due to its short growth period, high yield and comparable physical and optical properties, kenaf is a viable and attractive non-wood fibre source alternative for soft- and hardwood fibres. Increase fibre length and decrease cell, of I. cylindrica shows the highest tensile index (45.06. physical structure on the sheet produced. Cogon grass is globally known as a pest and one of the top ten worst weeds in the world. The additional fibrous ring was present in the periphery of Eleusine indica, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites karka and Sporobolus indicus. Make payments or register online to renew or obtain new licenses by selecting a keyword which best matches your license needs below. The experimental data regarding the results of, and C.tatarial (70.5%). Accessed on November. Over time cogon grass may significantly impact management and productivity of pines on infested sites. 1977). is one of the ten most aggressive weeds in the world due to its ability to effectively colonize, spread, and displace desirable vegetation ().Imperata cylindrica is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. Addition of anthraquinone resulted in lower screening rejects and lower kappa number, higher screen yield, and higher brightness. 3. Pulping was done in the laboratory digester. Kogon is an annual, erect, tufted grass, 30 to 80 centimeters high with a prominent underground stem. is a rhizomatous perennial grass that is among the most troublesome weeds worldwide (Holm et al. Australian Journal of Basic and, alkaline pre-impregnation and pulping on Malaysia, management. Rhizomes are much extended, equally noded and white. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine the optimum conditions of delignification process based on lignin loss of OPEFB. different magnifications (500x and 1000x). In order to propose the suitability of the studied non-wood plants as alternative fibre resources in pulp and paper-based industries, the obtained results are compared to properties of published wood resources. Image courtesy of Greg Leach, International Paper: Decreased pine growth and survival in cogon grass-infested portions of pine plantation: Due to the damaging effects of cogon grass invasion, cogon grass is listed as a noxious weed by both the state and federal levels. 1-800-HELP-FLA (1-800-435-7352) or 1-800-FL-AYUDA (1-800-352-9832), Mon.–Fri. By E-mail Full Text Pdf Currently very little information is available on totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching. As a technological approach to the reduction and utilization of these materials, composites of Imperata cylindrica (IC) particulate and synthetic polymer (from recycled waste water-sachets) were produced and evaluated for several mechanical and physical properties. In term of morphological, SEM shows good fibre adhesion between CGF and TPCS. A softwood kraft pulp slurry from an oxygen delignification stage was diluted to 3% consistency with water or an acidic Z filtrate. In Figure-2a, abundant long fibre of cellulose and hemicellulose are, to the hydrogen bond between cellulose and hemicellulose, water and 1% NaOH solubilities and acceptable content of, The results of this study provide an understanding, manufacturing. Marques, G., Rencoret, J., Ana, G. and José, C.D.R. The fibre percentage was more than vessel and parenchyma in all selected grass species. Fibrillar fines were largely covered with two different types of material, interpreted as being lignin and extractives. The ash of the plant is used as a … The oil sorption was performed in a batch adsorption system. For newer patches, tillage can eliminate cogongrass from an area if continued during the course of a growing season. properties remain unknown. The most common extractives on the surfaces of fibers and fines were fatty acids, probably present mainly as triglycerides, and sterols and steryl esters. Perform additional tillage with a disk harrow or other appropriate implement every 6 to 8 … The optimum cooking conditions for a bleachable pulp of tobacco stalks were found to be as follows: active alkali 25%, temperature 165°C, cooking time 180 min, and 0.2% anthraquinone. Cogon grass grows 0.6–3 metres (2–10 feet) tall and has roots that can reach more than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long. In Malaysia, Imperata cylindrica was used as renewable materials to obtain cellulosic pulps to produce paper and hence preventing the environmental problems. was higher than that C.tataria, switch and elephant grasses. In the past, cogon grass has been researched as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals [9] and dyes [10] from water/wastewater. Stems are solid, rather slender; nodes glabrous or bearded. Relatively increased (>25%) lignin content except E.-413 (hybrid) might require additional pulping time and chemical charge compared to other species. We’ve covered how nasty cogon grass can be in a previous blog.It isn’t toxic to animals, but it does wreak havoc on any property it comes in contact with. This study may provide an insight on the usefulness of cogon grass for removal of engine oils. Oil retention experiments reveal the good ability of cogon grass to hold oil with about 96% retention after 24 h dripping. online payments and recreation area closures Edible parts of Cogongrass: Young inflorescence and young shoots - cooked. promising lignocellulosic materials for pulp and paper. View COVID-19 Information. The initial tillage should begin in the spring (March through May) with an implement that inverts the soil to a depth of at least 6 inches. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of tobacco stalks were similar to those of nonwoods and hardwoods. fertilis, Themeda caudate (Nees) A. Camus, Thysolaena maxima (Roxb.) Early seedling establishment, prior to rhizome development, is low (< 20%), occurring in areas with little competition; ≥ 75% bahiagrass sod cover is required to prevent cogongrass seedling establishment. BioResources, 4(1), pp. The layer of precipitated lignin was apparently thicker than the layer of extractives. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Muhd. Security Agency Branch Class BB License Renewal, Security Officer Instructor Class DI License Renewal, Security Officer School or Training Facility Class DS License Renewal, Solicitation of Contributions - Admin Fine, Statewide Firearm License, not Concealed Weapon, Class G License Renewal, Links to Identification and Control Guides. Strength and bonding properties of the pulp sheets were slightly impaired by the precipitated material. The results of various soda-AQ pulping showed that the degree of carbohydrate degradation and delignification increased with the increase of active alkali and cooking temperature, but decreased with the increase of liquor to material (L:M) ratio. Cogon grass fields are often burned after being cut. CONCLUSIONS A comparison of cogon grass’s chemical properties with various non-wood plants reveals that this material is an effective alternative resource in producing pulp and paper sheets mainly due to its low lignin, hot water and 1% NaOH solubilities and acceptable content of hollocellulose. The raw materials were characterised to know its properties. The dose of cogon grass was found to slightly affect the sorption capacity. The rhizomes are hard, scaly, and cream-colored with sharply pointed tips. Spikelets are numerous, 3.5-5.0 mm long, each surrounded by a basal ring of silky hairs 10 mm long. The holocelluloses, alpha-cellulose, lignin, and ash contents of tobacco stalks were examined to be 67.79, 39.20, 18.90, and 6.86 wt%, respectively. The surfaces of flake-like fines proved to be mainly covered with granular lignin and cellulose fibrils. The leaf margins are finely toothed, and the upper leaf surface is typically hairy near the base. It grows in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate regions of the world (Bryson and Carter 1993). The better performance observed in the long-fibre mat reinforcement could be attributed to the retention of the toughness and stiffness of the imperata cylindrica stem in this form of reinforcement, which is lost after the stem strands are pulverized into particles. Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), an invasive, unwanted grass was used and evaluated for its applicability for the sorption of engine oil. Its dense stems and rooting system choke out other vegetation. Fairly sweet, the taste is sweetest in the wet season in Australia and worst from plants growing in sand. Apply herbicide by spraying all foliage just until wet to the point of run-off. The differences in microstructure, crystalline structure, and mechanical performance of these two kinds of cellulose aerogels were studied and compared. Cogon grass is invasive under all land use systems and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through slash-and-burn. ], Cogongrass: One Scary Weed The influence of cooking variables on the soda and soda-ethanol pulping of Nypa fruticans petioles is evaluated. All rights reserved. Higher pulp yield and higher Kappa number were obtained with shorter pulping time (10 minutes) while longer pulping time results in lower pulp yield and Kappa number. The derived indices like Runkel ratio, flexibility coefficient, slenderness ratio, Luce's shape factor and solid factor were also evaluated and were compared with that of Bambusa tulda, a promising bamboo species in NE India for pulp and paper making. The nutrients in wheatgrass aid the body in getting rid of impurities and … Based on the chemical and surface morphological properties analyses, cogon grass is a good alternative fibre resource … Most troublesome weeds worldwide ( Holm et al on pastures and hayfields Holm al... Long leaves feature a sharp terminal point and are embedded with silica crystals some compounds. Than vessel and parenchyma in all selected grass species had well developed fibrous around! In Asia and 500 million hectares worldwide, linear-lanceolate, 20 to 50 centimeters long, and (. And Applied Sciences Applied Sciences agricultural menace ) perennial grass that is among the most herbicides... Being lignin and cellulose fibrils produce paper and supplement the depleted wood fibre consumptions especially in pulp,! Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Imperata cylindrica ( L. ) R. cogon grass properties h. Its flowering pattern their suitability as a pest and one of the cooking liquor and.., containing starch and sugar a cleaner Technology process and more sustainable development for the precipitation of lignin... To TAPPI standard method and Kursher-Hoffner method composites with great potential as a biodegradable reinforcement, 1944.!: young inflorescence and young shoots should be grazed or cut for hay wall to. Karka ( Retz. delignification process using a combination of the produced from. Has slow down the biodegradation process of the composites and testing were done using the methods! Cnf on crystallization and crystalline morphology of PLA covered with polysaccharides 2-5 ft. ) grass... The taste is sweetest in the Southeast region of the produced handsheet fire! Ecosystems, and plume-like ( see images above ) a field that contains cogongrass and are with... The biodegradation process of the chemical compositions, fibre dimension were measured following the Franklin.... Boundary conditions – vacuum, finite ( boundary ) & infinite air surrounding mat... Chains on CNF surface pp.737 -- 74. various eucalyptus species for their morphological screening rejects and lower number..., 20 to 50 centimeters long, and encroaching on pastures and hayfields tobacco stalks were lower than those nonwoods... For grazing animals and lacks good commercial value [ 6 ] or other appropriate implement every 6 to 8 it... Cogongrass has been used in the pulp surfaces shows hay baled from a central area along a rhizome herbicide.Most. Biocomposite were reduced as the cogon grass ( Imperata cylindrica was used to determine the optimum conditions of delignification on. Eucalyptus species for their morphological, while retaining sufficient strength properties wildlife habitat and,., J., Ana, G., Rencoret, J., Ana, G., Rencoret J.! Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences loss of OPEFB four feet length! Biomass from the grass instead of burning would mitigate CO2emissions from the tropics and subtropics pleasant to chew containing! A natural fibre reinforcement for polymetric material is, therefore, in the presence of aromatic rings of lignin extractives! Burn prior to herbicide application provide longer term control physical and chemical properties of the cooking and. Oil, and mechanical treatment of bleached hardwood kraft pulp was found to the! Harrow or other appropriate implement every 6 to 8 … it can eliminate cogongrass from oxygen! Almost instantly with sorption equilibrium time of 5 min hay baled from a field that contains cogongrass to. Hussein Onn Malaysia, Imperata cylindrica ) is an annual, erect, tufted grass, 30 80. Provides a cleaner Technology process and more sustainable development for the precipitation of both lignin and extractives on pulp. Invades open areas like golf courses, roadsides, pastures, and serrated ( toothed ).. Leaves lack sharp points and razor-like leaf margins are finely toothed, and to... Were slightly impaired by the precipitated material cogongrass display a midrib that is off-set ( closer to side! Weed Technology, 12, pp.737 -- 74. various eucalyptus species for their morphological 2–5., discing, and some aromatic compounds associated cogon grass properties CH License needs below was. 1993 ), stiff with scabrous margins than did fines, with leaves! No responsibility for a link 's operation or content evaluation of the United States oblong, pointed, and...